1. Glass tube

The main function of the glass tube is to fill the working gas, connect two electrodes and transmit visible light. Common neon glass tubes include three types: bright tube, pink tube and color tube .

2. Electrode
The electrode is used to emit electrons and collect electrons and positive ions. It is made of metal that is resistant to positive ion bombardment, has a higher melting point, and is easy to emit electrons.
3. Mica sheet (or sleeve ring)
The main function is to support the electrode, heat insulation and reduce the cathode sputtering on the inner wall of the glass tube. The supporting electrode can make it impossible to move, loose or touch the glass tube; heat insulation can prevent the glass tube from bursting; reducing the cathode spatter on the inner wall of the glass tube can extend the life of the lamp tube.
4. Electrode lead
Through it, the electrode can be connected with the external circuit, and the material with good conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient similar to glass should be selected, and the electrode lead is mostly made of Dumet wire.
5. Working gas
The working gas is mostly inert gas, neon and argon are the most commonly used working gases, neon gas is mostly filled into bright tubes to make red neon lights, and argon and mercury are mostly composed of argon-mercury mixed gas and filled into powder tubes to make neon lights of other colors.
6. Phosphor
The inner wall of the glass tube is coated with different kinds of fluorescent powder, which can be easily mixed with argon and mercury to make neon lights of various colors.
7. High voltage transformer
It is a steady current device connected to the neon tube circuit, and it forms a complete set of neon lights with the tube. Glow discharge has the following characteristics in terms of electrical performance: one is that it needs a higher ignition voltage and a lower working voltage; the other is that it has negative volt-ampere characteristics that make the discharge unable to be stable. The use of magnetic leakage high voltage transformer or electronic step-up transformer can provide up to 15V voltage for the lamp to start the lamp on fire. When the gas starts to discharge, the voltage will drop to a constant value immediately to maintain the normal glow of the lamp. Discharge in a steady state.

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